PDZ - Revision history

Bradley Monk at 23:24, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T23:24:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 16 April 2014
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	[[File:PDZ.jpg\|thumb\|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.\|500px\|right]]		[[File:PDZ.jpg\|thumb\|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.\|500px\|right]]

	The PDZ domain (post-synaptic density protein (PSD95), disc large (Dlg), and zonula occludens (Zo)) is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in thousands of signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes (e.g. the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein associate with SH3 domain-containing proteins). In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation (the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of another beta strand from the partner binding protein's tail).		The '''PDZ''' domain (post-synaptic density protein ''PSD95'', disc large ''Dlg'', and zonula occludens ''Zo'') is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in thousands of signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes (e.g. the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein associate with SH3 domain-containing proteins). In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation (the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of another beta strand from the partner binding protein's tail).

Bradley Monk at 23:20, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T23:20:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 16 April 2014
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			[[File:PDZ.jpg\|thumb\|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.\|500px\|right]]

	The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in ~~the~~ signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. PDZ is an acronym combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain. PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (glycine-leucine-glycine-phenylalanine) domains. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes.		The PDZ domain (post-synaptic density protein (PSD95), disc large (Dlg), and zonula occludens (Zo)) is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in thousands of signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes (e.g. the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein associate with SH3 domain-containing proteins). In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation (the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of another beta strand from the partner binding protein's tail).
	In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation~~. This means that~~ the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of ~~a further~~ beta strand from the ~~tail of the~~ binding ~~partner~~ protein.

	In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.

	== Proteins containing this domain ==		== Proteins containing this domain ==

	~~[[File:PDZ.jpg\|thumb\|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins~~ are ~~indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.\|500px\|right]]~~		There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains (virus has 1 known PDZ protein - Tax1), though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:

	PDZ domains ~~are found in many thousands of~~ known ~~proteins.~~ PDZ ~~domain proteins are widespread in eukaryotes and eubacteria, whereas there are very few examples of the~~ protein ~~in archaebacteria. PDZ domains are often associated with other protein domains and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD~~-~~95 protein are found associated with an SH3 domain and a guanylate kinase domain.~~

	~~=== Human ===~~

	~~There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains~~, though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:
	* Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)		* Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
	* Erbin		* Erbin
Line 24:		Line 17:
	* PTPN13		* PTPN13

	~~Below is a complete list:~~		== List of PDZ Domain Proteins ==
	AAG12; AHNAK; AHNAK2; AIP1; ALP; APBA1; APBA2; APBA3; ARHGAP21; ARHGAP23; ARHGEF11; ARHGEF12; CASK; CLP-36; CNKSR2; CNKSR3; DFNB31; DLG1; DLG2; DLG3; DLG4; DLG5; DVL1; DVL1L1; DVL2; DVL3; ERBB2IP; FRMPD1; FRMPD2; FRMPD2L1; FRMPD3; FRMPD4; GIPC1; GIPC2; GIPC3; GOPC; GRASP; GRIP1; GRIP2; HTRA1; HTRA2; HTRA3; HTRA4; IL16; INADL; KIAA1849; LDB3; LIMK1; LIMK2; LIN7A; LIN7B; LIN7C; LMO7; LNX1; LNX2; LRRC7; MAGI1; MAGI2; MAGI3; MAGIX; MAST1; MAST2; MAST3; MAST4; MCSP; MLLT4; MPDZ; MPP1; MPP2; MPP3; MPP4; MPP5; MPP6; MPP7; MYO18A; ;NOS1; PARD3; PARD3B; PARD6A; PARD6B; PARD6G; PDLIM1; PDLIM2; PDLIM3; PDLIM4; PDLIM5; PDLIM7; PDZD11; PDZD2; PDZD3; PDZD4; PDZD5A; PDZD7; PDZD8; PDZK1; PDZRN3; PDZRN4; PICK1; PPP1R9A; PPP1R9B; PREX1; PRX; PSCDBP; PTPN13; PTPN3; PTPN4; RAPGEF2; RAPGEF6; RGS12; RGS3; RHPN1; RIL; RIMS1; RIMS2; SCN5A; SCRIB; SDCBP; SDCBP2; SHANK1; SHANK2; SHANK3; SHROOM2; SHROOM3; SHROOM4; SIPA1; SIPA1L1; SIPA1L2; SIPA1L3; SLC9A3R1; SLC9A3R2; SNTA1; SNTB1; SNTB2; SNTG1; SNTG2; SNX27; SPAL2; STXBP4; SYNJ2BP; SYNPO2; SYNPO2L; TAX1BP3; TIAM1; TIAM2; TJP1; TJP2; TJP3; TRPC4; TRPC5; USH1C; WHRN;		AAG12; AHNAK; AHNAK2; AIP1; ALP; APBA1; APBA2; APBA3; ARHGAP21; ARHGAP23; ARHGEF11; ARHGEF12; CASK; CLP-36; CNKSR2; CNKSR3; DFNB31; DLG1; DLG2; DLG3; DLG4; DLG5; DVL1; DVL1L1; DVL2; DVL3; ERBB2IP; FRMPD1; FRMPD2; FRMPD2L1; FRMPD3; FRMPD4; GIPC1; GIPC2; GIPC3; GOPC; GRASP; GRIP1; GRIP2; HTRA1; HTRA2; HTRA3; HTRA4; IL16; INADL; KIAA1849; LDB3; LIMK1; LIMK2; LIN7A; LIN7B; LIN7C; LMO7; LNX1; LNX2; LRRC7; MAGI1; MAGI2; MAGI3; MAGIX; MAST1; MAST2; MAST3; MAST4; MCSP; MLLT4; MPDZ; MPP1; MPP2; MPP3; MPP4; MPP5; MPP6; MPP7; MYO18A; ;NOS1; PARD3; PARD3B; PARD6A; PARD6B; PARD6G; PDLIM1; PDLIM2; PDLIM3; PDLIM4; PDLIM5; PDLIM7; PDZD11; PDZD2; PDZD3; PDZD4; PDZD5A; PDZD7; PDZD8; PDZK1; PDZRN3; PDZRN4; PICK1; PPP1R9A; PPP1R9B; PREX1; PRX; PSCDBP; PTPN13; PTPN3; PTPN4; RAPGEF2; RAPGEF6; RGS12; RGS3; RHPN1; RIL; RIMS1; RIMS2; SCN5A; SCRIB; SDCBP; SDCBP2; SHANK1; SHANK2; SHANK3; SHROOM2; SHROOM3; SHROOM4; SIPA1; SIPA1L1; SIPA1L2; SIPA1L3; SLC9A3R1; SLC9A3R2; SNTA1; SNTB1; SNTB2; SNTG1; SNTG2; SNX27; SPAL2; STXBP4; SYNJ2BP; SYNPO2; SYNPO2L; TAX1BP3; TIAM1; TIAM2; TJP1; TJP2; TJP3; TRPC4; TRPC5; USH1C; WHRN;

	~~=== Virus ===~~
	~~Tax1~~

	[[Category:SAP]] [[Category:Neurobiology]]		[[Category:SAP]] [[Category:Neurobiology]]

Bradley Monk at 23:11, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T23:11:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:11, 16 April 2014
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	The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses~~[1]~~ and animals.~~[2]~~ PDZ is an acronym combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain.~~[3]~~ PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region)~~[4]~~ or GLGF (glycine-leucine-glycine-phenylalanine) domains.~~[5]~~ These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes.~~[6]~~		The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. PDZ is an acronym combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain. PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (glycine-leucine-glycine-phenylalanine) domains. These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes.
	In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.~~[7]~~		In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.

	In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.<ref name="pmid9434904">{{cite journal \|author=Cowburn D \|title=Peptide recognition by PTB and PDZ domains \|journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. \|volume=7 \|issue=6 \|pages=835–838 \|year=1997 \|month=December \|pmid=9434904 \|doi= 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80155-8\|url=}}</ref>		In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.

	== Proteins containing this domain ==		== Proteins containing this domain ==

Bradley Monk at 23:09, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T23:09:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 16 April 2014
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	[[File:PDZ.jpg\|thumb\|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.\|500px\|right]]		[[File:PDZ.jpg\|thumb\|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.\|500px\|right]]

	PDZ domains are found in many thousands of known proteins. PDZ domain proteins are widespread in eukaryotes and eubacteria,~~<ref name="pmid9041651" />~~ whereas there are very few examples of the protein in archaebacteria. PDZ domains are often associated with other [[protein ~~domain]]s~~ and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein are found associated with an [[SH3 domain]] and a [[guanylate kinase]] domain.		PDZ domains are found in many thousands of known proteins. PDZ domain proteins are widespread in eukaryotes and eubacteria, whereas there are very few examples of the protein in archaebacteria. PDZ domains are often associated with other protein domains and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein are found associated with an SH3 domain and a guanylate kinase domain.

	=== Human ===		=== Human ===

	There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains, though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:		There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains, though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:
	* [[Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] (CFTR)		* Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
	* [[Erbin ~~(protein)\|Erbin]]~~		* Erbin
	* [[HTRA1~~\|Htra1]]~~		* HTRA1
	* [[HTRA2~~\|Htra2]]~~		* HTRA2
	* [[HTRA3~~\|Htra3]]~~		* HTRA3
	* [[DLG4\|PSD-95]]		* DLG4 aka PSD-95
	* [[SAP97]]		* SAP97
	* [[CARD11]]		* CARD11
	* [[PTPN13~~\|PTP-BL]]~~		* PTPN13

	Below is a complete list:		Below is a complete list:
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	=== Virus ===		=== Virus ===
	[[~~Tax1~~]]		Tax1
	~~<references />~~
	[[Category:~~SAP~~]]		[[Category:SAP]] [[Category:Neurobiology]]

Bradley Monk at 23:07, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T23:07:02Z

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Below is a complete list:
+AAG12; AHNAK; AHNAK2; AIP1; ALP; APBA1; APBA2; APBA3; ARHGAP21; ARHGAP23; ARHGEF11; ARHGEF12; CASK; CLP-36; CNKSR2; CNKSR3; DFNB31; DLG1; DLG2; DLG3; DLG4; DLG5; DVL1; DVL1L1; DVL2; DVL3; ERBB2IP; FRMPD1; FRMPD2; FRMPD2L1; FRMPD3; FRMPD4; GIPC1; GIPC2; GIPC3; GOPC; GRASP; GRIP1; GRIP2; HTRA1; HTRA2; HTRA3; HTRA4; IL16; INADL; KIAA1849; LDB3; LIMK1; LIMK2; LIN7A; LIN7B; LIN7C; LMO7; LNX1; LNX2; LRRC7; MAGI1; MAGI2; MAGI3; MAGIX; MAST1; MAST2; MAST3; MAST4; MCSP; MLLT4; MPDZ; MPP1; MPP2; MPP3; MPP4; MPP5; MPP6; MPP7; MYO18A;  ;NOS1; PARD3; PARD3B; PARD6A; PARD6B; PARD6G; PDLIM1; PDLIM2; PDLIM3; PDLIM4; PDLIM5; PDLIM7; PDZD11; PDZD2; PDZD3; PDZD4; PDZD5A; PDZD7; PDZD8; PDZK1; PDZRN3; PDZRN4; PICK1; PPP1R9A; PPP1R9B; PREX1; PRX; PSCDBP; PTPN13; PTPN3; PTPN4; RAPGEF2; RAPGEF6; RGS12; RGS3; RHPN1; RIL; RIMS1; RIMS2; SCN5A; SCRIB; SDCBP; SDCBP2; SHANK1; SHANK2; SHANK3; SHROOM2; SHROOM3; SHROOM4; SIPA1; SIPA1L1; SIPA1L2; SIPA1L3; SLC9A3R1; SLC9A3R2; SNTA1; SNTB1; SNTB2; SNTG1; SNTG2; SNX27; SPAL2; STXBP4; SYNJ2BP; SYNPO2; SYNPO2L; TAX1BP3; TIAM1; TIAM2; TJP1; TJP2; TJP3; TRPC4; TRPC5; USH1C; WHRN;
 === Virus ===

Bradley Monk at 23:06, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T23:06:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 16 April 2014
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	The ~~'''~~PDZ domain~~'''~~ is a common [[structural domain]] of 80-90 amino-acids found in the ~~[[Signal transduction\|~~signaling~~]] [[~~proteins]] of [[bacteria]], [[yeast]], [[plants]], [~~[virus]]es<ref name="pmid18702816">{{cite journal \| author = Boxus M, Twizere JC, Legros S, Dewulf JF, Kettmann R, Willems L \| title = The HTLV-~~1 ~~Tax interactome \| journal = Retrovirology \| volume = 5 \| issue = \| pages = 76 \| year = 2008 \| pmid = 18702816 \| pmc = 2533353 \| doi = 10.1186/1742-4690-5-76 \| url = }}</ref> and [[animal~~]~~]s.<ref name="pmid9041651">{{cite journal \| author = Ponting CP \| title = Evidence for PDZ domains in bacteria, yeast,~~ and ~~plants \| journal = Protein Sci~~. ~~\| volume = 6 \| issue =~~ 2 ~~\| pages = 464–468 \| year = 1997 \| month = February \| pmid = 9041651 \| pmc = 2143646 \| doi = 10.1002/pro.5560060225 \| url = }}</ref> ''~~PDZ'' is an [[acronym]] combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain.<ref name="pmid=77482701">{{cite journal \|author=Kennedy MB \|title=Origin of PDZ(DHR,GLGF) domains \|journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. \|volume=20 \|issue=9 \|pages=350 \|year=1995 \|month=September \|pmid=77482701 \|doi=10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89074-X }}</ref> PDZ domains have previously been referred to as ~~'''~~DHR~~'''~~ (Dlg homologous region)<ref name="pmid7535955">{{cite journal \|author=Ponting CP, Phillips C \|title=DHR domains in syntrophins, neuronal NO synthases and other intracellular proteins \|journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. \|volume=20 \|issue=3 \|pages=102–103 \|year=1995 \|month=March \|pmid=7535955 \|doi= 10.1016/S0968-0004(00)88973-2\|url=}}</ref> or ~~'''~~GLGF~~'''~~ ([[glycine]]-[[leucine]]-glycine-[[phenylalanine]]) domains.<ref name="pmid1419001">{{cite journal \| author = Cho KO, Hunt CA, Kennedy MB \| title = The rat brain postsynaptic density fraction contains a homolog of the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein \| journal = Neuron \| volume = 9 \| issue = 5 ~~\| pages = 929–42 \| year = 1992 \| month = Nov \| pmid = 1419001 \| doi = 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90245-9 }}</ref>~~ These domains help anchor [[transmembrane ~~protein]]s~~ to the [[cytoskeleton]] and hold together signaling complexes.~~<ref>{{cite journal \| author = Ranganathan R, Ross E \| title =~~ PDZ domain ~~proteins: scaffolds for signaling complexes \| journal = Curr Biol \| volume =~~ 7 ~~\| issue = 12 \| pages = R770–R773 \| year = 1997 \| pmid = 9382826 \| doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00401-5}}</ref>~~		The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses[1] and animals.[2] PDZ is an acronym combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain.[3] PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region)[4] or GLGF (glycine-leucine-glycine-phenylalanine) domains.[5] These domains help anchor transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and hold together signaling complexes.[6]
			In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.[7]

	In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.<ref name="pmid9434904">{{cite journal \|author=Cowburn D \|title=Peptide recognition by PTB and PDZ domains \|journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. \|volume=7 \|issue=6 \|pages=835–838 \|year=1997 \|month=December \|pmid=9434904 \|doi= 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80155-8\|url=}}</ref>		In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.<ref name="pmid9434904">{{cite journal \|author=Cowburn D \|title=Peptide recognition by PTB and PDZ domains \|journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. \|volume=7 \|issue=6 \|pages=835–838 \|year=1997 \|month=December \|pmid=9434904 \|doi= 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80155-8\|url=}}</ref>

Bradley Monk at 22:42, 5 June 2013

2013-06-05T22:42:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:42, 5 June 2013
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	=== Virus ===		=== Virus ===
	[[Tax1]]		[[Tax1]]
			<references />
	[[Category:SAP]]		[[Category:SAP]]

Bradley Monk: Created page with " The '''PDZ domain''' is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants..."

2013-06-05T22:41:27Z

Created page with " The '''PDZ domain''' is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants..."

New page

The '''PDZ domain''' is a common [[structural domain]] of 80-90 amino-acids found in the [[Signal transduction|signaling]] [[proteins]] of [[bacteria]], [[yeast]], [[plants]], [[virus]]es<ref name="pmid18702816">{{cite journal | author = Boxus M, Twizere JC, Legros S, Dewulf JF, Kettmann R, Willems L | title = The HTLV-1 Tax interactome | journal = Retrovirology | volume = 5 | issue = | pages = 76 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18702816 | pmc = 2533353 | doi = 10.1186/1742-4690-5-76 | url = }}</ref> and [[animal]]s.<ref name="pmid9041651">{{cite journal | author = Ponting CP | title = Evidence for PDZ domains in bacteria, yeast, and plants | journal = Protein Sci. | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 464–468 | year = 1997 | month = February | pmid = 9041651 | pmc = 2143646 | doi = 10.1002/pro.5560060225 | url = }}</ref> ''PDZ'' is an [[acronym]] combining the first letters of three proteins — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) — which were first discovered to share the domain.<ref name="pmid=77482701">{{cite journal |author=Kennedy MB |title=Origin of PDZ(DHR,GLGF) domains |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=350 |year=1995 |month=September |pmid=77482701 |doi=10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89074-X }}</ref> PDZ domains have previously been referred to as '''DHR''' (Dlg homologous region)<ref name="pmid7535955">{{cite journal |author=Ponting CP, Phillips C |title=DHR domains in syntrophins, neuronal NO synthases and other intracellular proteins |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=102–103 |year=1995 |month=March |pmid=7535955 |doi= 10.1016/S0968-0004(00)88973-2|url=}}</ref> or '''GLGF''' ([[glycine]]-[[leucine]]-glycine-[[phenylalanine]]) domains.<ref name="pmid1419001">{{cite journal | author = Cho KO, Hunt CA, Kennedy MB | title = The rat brain postsynaptic density fraction contains a homolog of the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein | journal = Neuron | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 929–42 | year = 1992 | month = Nov | pmid = 1419001 | doi = 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90245-9 }}</ref> These domains help anchor [[transmembrane protein]]s to the [[cytoskeleton]] and hold together signaling complexes.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ranganathan R, Ross E | title = PDZ domain proteins: scaffolds for signaling complexes | journal = Curr Biol | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = R770–R773 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9382826 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00401-5}}</ref>

In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein.<ref name="pmid9434904">{{cite journal |author=Cowburn D |title=Peptide recognition by PTB and PDZ domains |journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=835–838 |year=1997 |month=December |pmid=9434904 |doi= 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80155-8|url=}}</ref>

== Proteins containing this domain ==

[[File:PDZ.jpg|thumb|Examples of PDZ domain-containing proteins (Figure from Lee ''et al''. 2010). Proteins are indicated by black lines scaled to the length of the primary sequence of the protein.|500px|right]]

PDZ domains are found in many thousands of known proteins. PDZ domain proteins are widespread in eukaryotes and eubacteria,<ref name="pmid9041651" /> whereas there are very few examples of the protein in archaebacteria. PDZ domains are often associated with other [[protein domain]]s and these combinations allow them to carry out their specific functions. For example the PDZ domains in the PSD-95 protein are found associated with an [[SH3 domain]] and a [[guanylate kinase]] domain.

=== Human ===

There are roughly 260 human PDZ domains, though since several PDZ domain-containing proteins hold several domains, the actual number of PDZ proteins is closer to 180. Listed below are some of the better studied members of this family:
* [[Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] (CFTR)
* [[Erbin (protein)|Erbin]]
* [[HTRA1|Htra1]]
* [[HTRA2|Htra2]]
* [[HTRA3|Htra3]]
* [[DLG4|PSD-95]]
* [[SAP97]]
* [[CARD11]]
* [[PTPN13|PTP-BL]]

Below is a complete list:

[[AAG12]]; [[AHNAK]]; [[AHNAK2]]; [[AIP1]]; [[Alkaline phosphatase|ALP]]; [[APBA1]]; [[APBA2]]; [[APBA3]]; [[ARHGAP21]];
[[ARHGAP23]]; [[ARHGEF11]]; [[ARHGEF12]]; [[CASK]]; [[CLP-36]]; [[CNKSR2]]; [[CNKSR3]];
[[DFNB31]]; [[DLG1]]; [[DLG2]]; [[DLG3]]; [[DLG4]]; [[DLG5]]; [[DVL1]]; [[DVL1L1]];
[[DVL2]]; [[DVL3]]; [[ERBB2IP]]; [[FRMPD1]]; [[FRMPD2]]; [[FRMPD2L1]]; [[FRMPD3]]; [[FRMPD4]];
[[GIPC1]]; [[GIPC2]]; [[GIPC3]]; [[GOPC]]; [[GRASP (gene)|GRASP]]; [[GRIP1]]; [[GRIP2]]; [[HTRA1]];
[[HTRA2]]; [[HTRA3]]; [[HTRA4]]; [[Interleukin 16|IL16]]; [[INADL]]; [[KIAA1849]]; [[LDB3]]; [[LIMK1]];
[[LIMK2]]; [[LIN7A]]; [[LIN7B]]; [[LIN7C]]; [[LMO7]]; [[LNX1]]; [[LNX2]]; [[LRRC7]]; [[MAGI1]]; [[MAGI2]]; [[MAGI3]]; [[MAGIX]]; [[MAST1]]; [[MAST2]];
[[MAST3]]; [[MAST4]]; [[MCSP (protein)|MCSP]]; [[MLLT4]]; [[MPDZ]]; [[MPP1]]; [[MPP2]]; [[MPP3]];
[[MPP4]]; [[MPP5]]; [[MPP6]]; [[MPP7]]; [[MYO18A]]; ;[[NOS1]]; [[PARD3]]; [[PARD3B]];
[[PARD6A]]; [[PARD6B]]; [[PARD6G]]; [[PDLIM1]]; [[PDLIM2]]; [[PDLIM3]]; [[PDLIM4]]; [[PDLIM5]];
[[PDLIM7]]; [[PDZD11]]; [[PDZD2]]; [[PDZD3]]; [[PDZD4]]; [[PDZD5A]]; [[PDZD7]]; [[PDZD8]];
[[PDZK1]]; [[PDZRN3]]; [[PDZRN4]]; [[PICK1]]; [[PPP1R9A]]; [[PPP1R9B]]; [[PREX1]]; [[PRX (gene)|PRX]];
[[PSCDBP]]; [[PTPN13]]; [[PTPN3]]; [[PTPN4]]; [[RAPGEF2]]; [[RAPGEF6]]; [[RGS12]]; [[RGS3]];
[[RHPN1]]; [[RIL (gene)|RIL]]; [[RIMS1]]; [[RIMS2]]; [[SCN5A]]; [[SCRIB]]; [[SDCBP]]; [[SDCBP2]]; [[SHANK1]]; [[SHANK2]]; [[SHANK3]]; [[SHROOM2]]; [[SHROOM3]]; [[SHROOM4]]; [[SIPA1]]; [[SIPA1L1]]; [[SIPA1L2]]; [[SIPA1L3]];
[[SLC9A3R1]]; [[SLC9A3R2]]; [[SNTA1]]; [[SNTB1]]; [[SNTB2]]; [[SNTG1]]; [[SNTG2]]; [[SNX27]];
[[SPAL2]]; [[STXBP4]]; [[SYNJ2BP]]; [[SYNPO2]]; [[SYNPO2L]]; [[TAX1BP3]]; [[TIAM1]]; [[TIAM2]];
[[TJP1]]; [[TJP2]]; [[TJP3]]; [[TRPC4]]; [[TRPC5]]; [[USH1C]]; [[WHRN]];

=== Virus ===
[[Tax1]]

[[Category:SAP]]