Actin - Revision history

Bradley Monk: /* Force Generated by Actin Polymerization */

2018-11-17T06:28:19Z

Force Generated by Actin Polymerization

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:28, 16 November 2018
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	-->		-->

	<~~math~~>		<m>
	f = \frac{k_B T}{d} ln({\frac{k_+c_A}{k_-}})		f = \frac{k_B T}{d} ln({\frac{k_+c_A}{k_-}})
	</~~math~~>		</m>

Bradley Monk: /* Actin Concentration */

2018-11-17T06:27:58Z

Actin Concentration

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:27, 16 November 2018
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	that is		that is

	<~~math~~>		<m>
	\frac{125 \mu mol}{1 L} \times 10^{-16} L \times \frac{6.022e17 p}{ 1 \mu mol } = 7500 particles		\frac{125 \mu mol}{1 L} \times 10^{-16} L \times \frac{6.022e17 p}{ 1 \mu mol } = 7500 particles
	</~~math~~>		</m>

	== F-actin Filament Lengths ==		== F-actin Filament Lengths ==

Bradley Monk: /* Force Generated by Actin Polymerization */

2018-11-17T06:25:16Z

Force Generated by Actin Polymerization

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 16 November 2018
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	<math>		<math>
	f = \frac{k_B T}{δ} ln({\frac{k_+c_A}{k_-}})		f = \frac{k_B T}{d} ln({\frac{k_+c_A}{k_-}})
	</math>		</math>

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	<br><br><br>		<br><br><br>
	----		----

	==Articles==		==Articles==

Bradley Monk: /* Actin Concentration */

2018-11-17T06:24:34Z

Actin Concentration

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:24, 16 November 2018
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	that is		that is

	::<math>		<math>
	\frac{125 \mu mol}{1 L} \times 10^{-16} L \times \frac{6.022e17 p}{ 1 \mu mol } = 7500 particles		\frac{125 \mu mol}{1 L} \times 10^{-16} L \times \frac{6.022e17 p}{ 1 \mu mol } = 7500 particles
	</math>		</math>

Bradley Monk: /* Articles */

2018-11-17T01:48:03Z

Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:48, 16 November 2018
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	;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:		;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/2/2b/Lang2004S1Actin.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Typical transient expansion. <br>Movie of a spine exhibiting typical transient expansion corresponding to Fig. 1B <br> (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\|<big> video1 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/2/2b/Lang2004S1Actin.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Typical transient expansion. <br>Movie of a spine exhibiting typical transient expansion corresponding to Fig. 1B <br> (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\|<big> video1 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/b/b8/Lang2004S2Actin.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 2. Asymmetric transient expansion. <br> Movie of a spine exhibiting asymmetric transient expansion <br> corresponding to Fig. 1D (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\| <big> video2 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/b/b8/Lang2004S2Actin.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 2. Asymmetric transient expansion. <br> Movie of a spine exhibiting asymmetric transient expansion <br> corresponding to Fig. 1D (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\| <big> video2 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/a1/Lang2004S3Actin.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 3. Transient spine expansion on large- and small-diameter dendritic branches. <br>Movie of three dendritic branches with shafts of varying diameter from a single <br> CA1 pyramidal neuron exhibiting many spines undergoing transient expansion <br>(12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br>The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</html>\|\|<big> video3 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/a1/Lang2004S3Actin.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 3. Transient spine expansion on large- and small-diameter dendritic branches. <br>Movie of three dendritic branches with shafts of varying diameter from a single <br> CA1 pyramidal neuron exhibiting many spines undergoing transient expansion <br>(12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br>The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</html>\|\|<big> video3 </big>}}-->

Bradley Monk at 01:46, 17 November 2018

2018-11-17T01:46:29Z

Bradley Monk at 01:43, 17 November 2018

2018-11-17T01:43:52Z

Bradley Monk: /* F-actin Filament Lengths */

2016-12-18T19:48:34Z

F-actin Filament Lengths

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 18 December 2016
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	<code>7500 p * 1 nm/.375 p = 20,000 nm of filament</code>		<code>7500 p * 1 nm/.375 p = 20,000 nm of filament</code>

	~~<math>125 µM = 7500 p</math>~~

	== Actin Polymerization Rates ==		== Actin Polymerization Rates ==

Bradley Monk: /* F-actin Filament Lengths */

2016-12-18T19:48:10Z

F-actin Filament Lengths

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 18 December 2016
Line 59:		Line 59:
	<code>7500 p * 1 nm/.375 p = 20,000 nm of filament</code>		<code>7500 p * 1 nm/.375 p = 20,000 nm of filament</code>

			<math>125 µM = 7500 p</math>

	== Actin Polymerization Rates ==		== Actin Polymerization Rates ==

Bradley Monk at 19:45, 18 December 2016

2016-12-18T19:45:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 18 December 2016
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	{{Box\|width=200px\|float=right\|text=12px\|boarder=solid #aaa 1px\|vol. conversions\|		{{Box\|width=200px\|float=right\|text=12px\|boarder=solid #aaa 1px\|vol. conversions\|
	*1 µm³ {{=}} 1 femtoliter (fL)		*1 µm³ {{=}} 1 femtoliter (fL)
	*1 fL {{=}} 1e-15 L		*1 fL {{=}} 10<sup>-15</sup> L
	*1 µM {{=}} 1e-15 mol/L		*1 µM {{=}} 10<sup>-6</sup> mol/L
	}}		}}
	The actin filament network will achieve steady-state when free Ga actin levels are at the Cc. Given that the majority of (-)ends are capped (by capping protein or Arp2/3), we can see that the critical concentration is ~0.16 µM (the Cc for (+)end polymerization). Thus, at steady-state, in a prototypical spine volume of 0.1 µm³, the expected number of free Ga monomers will be:		The actin filament network will achieve steady-state when free Ga actin levels are at the Cc. Given that the majority of (-)ends are capped (by capping protein or Arp2/3), we can see that the critical concentration is ~0.16 µM (the Cc for (+)end polymerization). Thus, at steady-state, in a prototypical spine volume of 0.1 µm³, the expected number of free Ga monomers will be:

	<code>0.~~16e~~-6 mol/L * ~~6e23~~ p/mol * 0.1e-15 L = 10 particles</code>		<code>0.16<small>E</small>-6 mol/L * 6<small>E</small>23 p/mol * 0.1<small>E</small>-15 L = 10 particles</code>


	== Force Generated by Actin Polymerization ==		== Force Generated by Actin Polymerization ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 16 November 2018
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	{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="https://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/18/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Movie S7.		<!--{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="https://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/18/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Movie S7.
	Two-photon imaging of the confinement of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5D. The 2D images were acquired every 10 s for 7 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}		Two-photon imaging of the confinement of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5D. The 2D images were acquired every 10 s for 7 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}-->

	<!--		<!--
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	-->		-->

	<!--{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/6/64/Kasai_GluUncagingLat_S8.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'~~>--~~> Movie S8.		<!--{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/6/64/Kasai_GluUncagingLat_S8.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Movie S8.
	Two-photon imaging of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5G in the presence of Lat A (0.1 μM). The 2D images were acquired every 15 s for 10 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}		Two-photon imaging of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5G in the presence of Lat A (0.1 μM). The 2D images were acquired every 15 s for 10 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}-->


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	;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:		;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/5/5e/Mmc2.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Visualization of actin dynamics in migrating fibroblasts. A rat embryo fibroblast transiently transfected with EGFP was recorded crawling from top right to bottom left of the frame. In addition to the actin dynamics associated with membrane ruffles, note the reorientation of stress fibers as the cell turns slightly toward the left from its initial direction. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/5/5e/Mmc2.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Visualization of actin dynamics in migrating fibroblasts. A rat embryo fibroblast transiently transfected with EGFP was recorded crawling from top right to bottom left of the frame. In addition to the actin dynamics associated with membrane ruffles, note the reorientation of stress fibers as the cell turns slightly toward the left from its initial direction. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/ab/Mmc4.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Growth cone on a 48-hr-old hippocampal neuron transfected with GFP-actin. In addition to the concentration of actin in the “palm” of the growth cone, local concentrations are associated with spots and lateral filopodia from the shaft of the neurite. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/ab/Mmc4.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Growth cone on a 48-hr-old hippocampal neuron transfected with GFP-actin. In addition to the concentration of actin in the “palm” of the growth cone, local concentrations are associated with spots and lateral filopodia from the shaft of the neurite. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video2 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video2 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/f/fb/Mmc6.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> A large field from a GFP-actin expressing hippocampal neuron is shown at low magnification (40X objective lens). As well as showing the widespread nature of spine motility, this sequence also indicates the extent to which actin is concentrated in spines compared to the shaft domain of dendrites. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/f/fb/Mmc6.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> A large field from a GFP-actin expressing hippocampal neuron is shown at low magnification (40X objective lens). As well as showing the widespread nature of spine motility, this sequence also indicates the extent to which actin is concentrated in spines compared to the shaft domain of dendrites. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video3 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video3 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/e/e0/Mmc8.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Dynamics in motile spines recorded at higher magnification (100X objective lens) from a GFP-actin transfected cell in another culture. Over these short recording times the actin-driven changes are limited to spine shape and involve the growth and shrinkage of miniature protrusions. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/e/e0/Mmc8.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Dynamics in motile spines recorded at higher magnification (100X objective lens) from a GFP-actin transfected cell in another culture. Over these short recording times the actin-driven changes are limited to spine shape and involve the growth and shrinkage of miniature protrusions. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video4 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video4 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/7/7e/Mmc10.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Even over the brief duration of this recording (90 s) in a GFP-actin transfected neuron, continuous changes in the configuration of spine actin are visible. Time marker shows minutes and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/7/7e/Mmc10.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Even over the brief duration of this recording (90 s) in a GFP-actin transfected neuron, continuous changes in the configuration of spine actin are visible. Time marker shows minutes and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video5 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video5 </big>}}-->

	<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/13/Mmc12.mov" controls></video~~>--~~> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> The cell shown in Figure 2a was recorded during an experiment to examine the susceptibility of spine motility to the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D. At the point indicated, medium containing the drug flowed into the observation chamber. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video6 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/13/Mmc12.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> The cell shown in Figure 2a was recorded during an experiment to examine the susceptibility of spine motility to the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D. At the point indicated, medium containing the drug flowed into the observation chamber. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video6 </big>}}-->


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	;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:		;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/b/b6/Pollard2007SI1.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>SI Movie 1. Time lapse (230´) movie of the elongation of actin filaments by 3 mM Mg-ADP-actin <br>(30% Alexa-Green label) in polymerization buffer with 0.2 mM ADP, <br>viewed in a flow chamber coated with 50 nM NEM-myosin and 1% BSA.</span></html>\|\|<big> SI movie1 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/b/b6/Pollard2007SI1.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>SI Movie 1. Time lapse (230´) movie of the elongation of actin filaments by 3 mM Mg-ADP-actin <br>(30% Alexa-Green label) in polymerization buffer with 0.2 mM ADP, <br>viewed in a flow chamber coated with 50 nM NEM-myosin and 1% BSA.</span></html>\|\|<big> SI movie1 </big>}}-->

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/e/e7/Pollard2007SI2.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Time lapse (225) movie of the elongation and depolymerization of ADP-actin filaments (30% Alexa label). <br>The movie begins with filaments elongating in 5 mM Mg-ADP-actin in polymerization buffer. <br>At the point indicated by WASHOUT, free actin monomers were washed out of the <br>chamber with polymerization buffer with 0.2 mM ADP to allow depolymerization.</span></html>\|\|<big> SI movie2 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/e/e7/Pollard2007SI2.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Time lapse (225) movie of the elongation and depolymerization of ADP-actin filaments (30% Alexa label). <br>The movie begins with filaments elongating in 5 mM Mg-ADP-actin in polymerization buffer. <br>At the point indicated by WASHOUT, free actin monomers were washed out of the <br>chamber with polymerization buffer with 0.2 mM ADP to allow depolymerization.</span></html>\|\|<big> SI movie2 </big>}}-->

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 16 November 2018
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	{{Article\|Honkura, Matsuzaki, Noguchi, Ellis-Davies, Kasai\|2008\|Cell • [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627308000743 FullText]\|18341992\|The subspine organization of actin fibers regulates the structure and plasticity of dendritic spines.}}		{{Article\|Honkura, Matsuzaki, Noguchi, Ellis-Davies, Kasai\|2008\|Cell • [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627308000743 FullText]\|18341992\|The subspine organization of actin fibers regulates the structure and plasticity of dendritic spines.}}

			<!--
			mediaplayer image='http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/d/da/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.png' width='500' height='300'>http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/18/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.mov</mediaplayer>
			-->

	~~<mediaplayer image='http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/d/da/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.png' width='500' height='300'>http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/18/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.mov</mediaplayer>~~		{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="https://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/18/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Movie S7.

	{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="~~http~~://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/18/Kasai_GluUncaging_S7.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Movie S7.
	Two-photon imaging of the confinement of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5D. The 2D images were acquired every 10 s for 7 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}		Two-photon imaging of the confinement of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5D. The 2D images were acquired every 10 s for 7 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}

	<mediaplayer image='http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/0/06/Kasai_GluUncaging_S8.png' width='500' height='300'>http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/6/64/Kasai_GluUncagingLat_S8.mov</mediaplayer>		<!--
			mediaplayer image='http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/0/06/Kasai_GluUncaging_S8.png' width='500' height='300'>http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/6/64/Kasai_GluUncagingLat_S8.mov</mediaplayer>
			-->

	{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/6/64/Kasai_GluUncagingLat_S8.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Movie S8.		<!--{{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/6/64/Kasai_GluUncagingLat_S8.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'>--> Movie S8.
	Two-photon imaging of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5G in the presence of Lat A (0.1 μM). The 2D images were acquired every 15 s for 10 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}		Two-photon imaging of PAGFP-actin fluorescence after repetitive photoactivation and uncaging of MNI-glutamate (60 pulses of 0.6 ms duration at 1 Hz) at a point (square) distal to the apex of the spine shown in Figure 5G in the presence of Lat A (0.1 μM). The 2D images were acquired every 15 s for 10 min. Photoactivation was induced at the moment when the white square turns red. Scale bar, 1 μm. </div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}

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	;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:		;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/5/5e/Mmc2.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Visualization of actin dynamics in migrating fibroblasts. A rat embryo fibroblast transiently transfected with EGFP was recorded crawling from top right to bottom left of the frame. In addition to the actin dynamics associated with membrane ruffles, note the reorientation of stress fibers as the cell turns slightly toward the left from its initial direction. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/5/5e/Mmc2.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Visualization of actin dynamics in migrating fibroblasts. A rat embryo fibroblast transiently transfected with EGFP was recorded crawling from top right to bottom left of the frame. In addition to the actin dynamics associated with membrane ruffles, note the reorientation of stress fibers as the cell turns slightly toward the left from its initial direction. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video1 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/ab/Mmc4.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Growth cone on a 48-hr-old hippocampal neuron transfected with GFP-actin. In addition to the concentration of actin in the “palm” of the growth cone, local concentrations are associated with spots and lateral filopodia from the shaft of the neurite. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/ab/Mmc4.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Growth cone on a 48-hr-old hippocampal neuron transfected with GFP-actin. In addition to the concentration of actin in the “palm” of the growth cone, local concentrations are associated with spots and lateral filopodia from the shaft of the neurite. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video2 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video2 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/f/fb/Mmc6.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> A large field from a GFP-actin expressing hippocampal neuron is shown at low magnification (40X objective lens). As well as showing the widespread nature of spine motility, this sequence also indicates the extent to which actin is concentrated in spines compared to the shaft domain of dendrites. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/f/fb/Mmc6.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> A large field from a GFP-actin expressing hippocampal neuron is shown at low magnification (40X objective lens). As well as showing the widespread nature of spine motility, this sequence also indicates the extent to which actin is concentrated in spines compared to the shaft domain of dendrites. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video3 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video3 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/e/e0/Mmc8.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Dynamics in motile spines recorded at higher magnification (100X objective lens) from a GFP-actin transfected cell in another culture. Over these short recording times the actin-driven changes are limited to spine shape and involve the growth and shrinkage of miniature protrusions. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/e/e0/Mmc8.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Dynamics in motile spines recorded at higher magnification (100X objective lens) from a GFP-actin transfected cell in another culture. Over these short recording times the actin-driven changes are limited to spine shape and involve the growth and shrinkage of miniature protrusions. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video4 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video4 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/7/7e/Mmc10.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Even over the brief duration of this recording (90 s) in a GFP-actin transfected neuron, continuous changes in the configuration of spine actin are visible. Time marker shows minutes and seconds.		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/7/7e/Mmc10.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> Even over the brief duration of this recording (90 s) in a GFP-actin transfected neuron, continuous changes in the configuration of spine actin are visible. Time marker shows minutes and seconds.
	</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video5 </big>}}		</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video5 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/13/Mmc12.mov" controls></video> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> The cell shown in Figure 2a was recorded during an experiment to examine the susceptibility of spine motility to the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D. At the point indicated, medium containing the drug flowed into the observation chamber. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video6 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/1/13/Mmc12.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <div style='color:white; width:400px'> The cell shown in Figure 2a was recorded during an experiment to examine the susceptibility of spine motility to the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D. At the point indicated, medium containing the drug flowed into the observation chamber. Time marker shows hours, minutes, and seconds.</div></html>\|\|<big>SI video6 </big>}}


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	;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:		;Hover mouse over icon to expand supplementary movies:

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/2/2b/Lang2004S1Actin.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Typical transient expansion. <br>Movie of a spine exhibiting typical transient expansion corresponding to Fig. 1B <br> (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\|<big> video1 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/2/2b/Lang2004S1Actin.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Typical transient expansion. <br>Movie of a spine exhibiting typical transient expansion corresponding to Fig. 1B <br> (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\|<big> video1 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/b/b8/Lang2004S2Actin.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 2. Asymmetric transient expansion. <br> Movie of a spine exhibiting asymmetric transient expansion <br> corresponding to Fig. 1D (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\| <big> video2 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/b/b8/Lang2004S2Actin.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 2. Asymmetric transient expansion. <br> Movie of a spine exhibiting asymmetric transient expansion <br> corresponding to Fig. 1D (12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br> The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</span></html>\|\| <big> video2 </big>}}

	* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/a1/Lang2004S3Actin.mov" controls></video> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 3. Transient spine expansion on large- and small-diameter dendritic branches. <br>Movie of three dendritic branches with shafts of varying diameter from a single <br> CA1 pyramidal neuron exhibiting many spines undergoing transient expansion <br>(12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br>The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</html>\|\|<big> video3 </big>}}		<!--* {{PopFig\|[[File:Dot.png]]\|<html><video src="http://www.bradleymonk.com/w/images/a/a1/Lang2004S3Actin.mov" controls></video>--> <br> <span style='color:white;'>Movie 3. Transient spine expansion on large- and small-diameter dendritic branches. <br>Movie of three dendritic branches with shafts of varying diameter from a single <br> CA1 pyramidal neuron exhibiting many spines undergoing transient expansion <br>(12 frames acquired every 0.5 min, viewed at 4 frames/s). <br>The appearance of the red circle represents stimulation with a 1-s, 100-Hz tetanus.</html>\|\|<big> video3 </big>}}